The Department of Political Science, School of Social Sciences, University of Hyderabad (UoH) organized a session titled “Religion, Deras, and Babas: Understanding the Social and Political Landscape in Punjab (India),” presented by Prof. Ronki Ram currently the Shaheed Bhagat Singh Chair Professor of Political Science at Panjab University, Chandigarhon February 13, 2025. The session was chaired by Prof. K.K. Kailash and featured discussants Dr. Anju Helen Bara and Nyamat Hussain Shaik.
Prof. Ram opened his talk by discussing the relationship between religion and the state, emphasizing that religion is not a separate domain but intertwined with the state’s functions. He provided a historical context for the emergence of Deras, asserting that they are not a modern phenomenon; their roots can be traced back to ancient and medieval periods. He noted that every religion has its own Deras, which have attracted followers since their inception. The term ‘Dera’ originates in Persian and resembles concepts like ashrams, math’s, and viharas in different cultures.
The speaker explained that Deras thrives on distinct philosophies. He described them as organized, structured bodies that operate beyond traditional boundaries, such as institutional and religious ones. Deras are not merely about faith; they represent a diverse working of faith where multiple beliefs can converge. Individuals from any caste, class, or gender can join Deras, fostering a sense of commonality. Often, individuals from lower castes and those who are socially and economically disadvantaged from various religions are drawn to Deras. These institutions provide a sense of social upliftment and dignity to followers who have historically been marginalized, offering companionship without barriers.
Prof. Ram illustrated the growing popularity of Deras by citing examples of visits from Non-resident Indians (NRIs) and newlywed couples seeking blessings. He also discussed his efforts to identify the social capital created by Deras, highlighting a diverse mingling of thoughts among people from different backgrounds. He noted that although Deras are non-institutional bodies, they compete, and followers sometimes become victims of broader religious conflicts. He emphasized the significant rise in the influence of Deras and Babas.
Following Prof. Ram’s engaging presentation, research scholar Nyamat Hussain Shaik shared their perspectives on how religion operates within society, raising thought-provoking questions such as the survival of Deras, which are inherently givers rather than takers, and the unchanged caste status of Telugu Dalits despite their religious conversions, comparing them to the Valmiki Deras in Punjab.
On the other hand, Dr Bara, an associate professor in the Department of Political Science stressed the importance of understanding the prevalence of Deras, questioning why they are so numerous in Punjab. She observed that Deras appears to negotiate with the state, filling a significant gap in society. The attendees actively contributed to this vibrant discussion, further enriching the session.
Contributed by Vivek Raj, Masters Student at the Department of Political Science